1． 语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动) English is taught in our school .（被动）
2． 被动语态：助动词Be + 及物动词的过去分词（be +p.p.），be有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表：
时 态 谓语动词的形式 例 子
一般现在时 Am / is / are + 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the factory .
一般过去时 Was / were +动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .
一般将来时 Shall / will + be +动词过去分词 The film will be shown again .
现在进行时 Am / is / are + being +动词过去分词 The walls are being painted .
过去进行时 Was / were +being动词过去分词 The tickets were being well sold then .
现在完成时 Has / have + been + 动词过去分词 A new road has been built here .
时 态 谓语动词的形式 例 子
过去完成时 Had + been +动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came back .
含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词＋be＋动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .
初中英语重难点时态语态权威解析
3． 被动语态中值得注意的问题：
○1 带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .
○2 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .
○3 在英语中有时“be + V-ed”结构并不是被动语态，而是系表结构。The mountains were covered with snow .
○4 在“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，要补留宾语补足语。We found the door broken. / The door was found broken.
○5 宾语补足语为省to的不定式，变为被动语态后，要还原to。He made me laugh. / I was made to laugh .
○6 如果短语动词是及物动词时，可以用被动语态，但不能遗漏所含的介词或副词。The nurse looked after the baby ./ The baby was looked after by the nurse . / We must make up for the lessons we missed. / The lessons we missed must be made up for .
○7 下列情况不能用被动语态：
A． 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .
B． 连系动词： The girl looks like her sister .
C． 宾语为反身代词：He always dresses himself neatly .
D． 宾语为相互代词：The students often help each other .
E． 同源宾语：At that time, they lived a happy life .
F． 表示状态的及物动词：I have a new car. / The book cost me 30 yuan .
初中英语重难点时态语态权威解析
（十二）动词的时态：时态 表示内容 谓语动词的构成 常用的时间状语 例句
一般现在时 现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态 动词原形（包括第三人称单数形式＋s / es） often、usually、always、sometimes、every day、in the morning (afternoon …)等 He is often late for school.
She usually goes to work on foot.
一般将来时 将要发生的动作或存在的状态 shall / will + 动词原形
am / is / are going to + 动词原形
am / is / are to + 动词原形
am / is / are about to + 动词原形
am / is / are + 动词－ing tomorrow、next week、this month、in an hour、the day after tomorrow 等 He will go to Shanghai next week.
I am going to buy a book tomorrow.
They are to see a film in a hour.
She is about to mend the bike later.
I am flying to Guangzhou next week.
一般过去时 过去发生的动作或存在的状态 动词过去式 （一般＋ed , 特殊见课本不规则表） yesterday、last week、three days ago、before、 the day before yesterday 等 I finished my homework yesterday.
He went to Gaozhou three days ago.
现在进行时 现在正在进行的动作 am / is / are + 动词现在分词 now、It’s six o’clock.也可用look、listen 等词提示 They are doing their homework now.
Look! The boy is playing basketball.
过去进行时 过去某个时刻正在进行的动作 was / were + 动词现在分词 at six yesterday morning、this time yesterday、也可用when等引导的从句 I was sleeping at 11 last night .
They were cooking when the bell rang .
初中英语重难点时态语态权威解析
现在完成时 动作发生在过去，已结束，对现在有影响；或者开始在过去一直持续到现在的动作。 have / has + 动词过去分词 （一般＋ed , 特殊见课本不规则表） already、ever、never、just for three days、since 1998 、by the end of this term、yet 等 I have already finished my work .
He hasn’t found out who broke the door .
过去完成时 过去某个时间之前已经完成了的动作 had + 动词过去分词 By the end of last month、when、before等引导的从句 I had seen the film when I was in college.
The meeting had begun before we arrived .
过去将来时 从过去某个时间看将来发生的动作 should / would + 动词原形
was / were going to ＋动词原形
was / were to + 动词原形
was / were about to + 动词原形
was / were + 动词－ing 通常在宾语从句中出现，主句为 过去时
He said (that) he would go to Maoming the next day .
She told me (that) she was moving to France in two days .
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标签： 初中时态语态
