初中英语模块 初中英语模块整合

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初中英语模块 初中英语模块整合

模块1 五种简单句与七种句子成分

1、 学习目标:

1. 英语十大词类及其在句子中的作用

2. 简单句的五种结构及七种句子成分

2、 考点巧讲

(1) 英语中的十大词类及作用

英语中只有三种句子:简单句、并列句和复合句。

1.英语有多少词类:

1)名词(noun,缩写n.),如book,water,computer

2)代词(pronoun,缩写pron.),如I,you,his,ours,what,who

3)动词(verb,缩写v.),如come,write,bring

4)形容词(adjective,缩写a.或adj.),如clear,happy,suprised

5)副词(adverb,缩写ad.或adv.),如here,today,happily

6)数词(numeral,缩写num.),如four,sixty,fourth,ninth

以上为实词(notional word),因为它们有实际意义;

7)介词(preposition,缩写prep.),如on,over,about

8)连词(conjunction,缩写conj.)如and,or,when,as

9)冠词(article,缩写art.),如a,the

10)感叹词(interjection,缩写int.),如oh,ouch,dear

以上为虚词(form word),即没有实际意义

除了以上十大词类外,还有三种由短语构成的词类:

1)短语动词(phrasal verb),如get up,call on,take care of,get in touch

2)短语介词(phrasal preposition),如because of ,in front of,instead of

3)短语连词(phrasal conjunction),如as if,even if,what if,as long as

2.英语的十大词类在句子中的用法:

词类 在句子中的主要功能 例句

名词 主语、定语、宾语、表语、宾补 This paper factory lies in our city.

代词 主语、定语、宾语、表语 All of our teacher love us.

动词 谓语、宾补 The teacher let us do it again.

形容词 定语、状语、表语、补语 This pretty girl thinks it right.

副词 状语、定语(少数表方位的词) The workers here work very hard.

数词 主语、定语、宾语、表语 Three of them are eighteen now.

介词 介词+宾语,在句中做状语或定语 The girl of ten came here by bike.

连词 连接两个或两个以上的简单句 He was reading when I came in.

冠词 主要修饰名词或少数形容词 A young man often helps thepoor.

感叹词 表示喜怒哀乐,在句中加强语气 Heavens! How silly you are!

试试看: 错在哪里?

翻译:爱美之心人人皆有。

错误:Everybody likes beautiful.

正确:Everybody likes beauty.

解析:beautiful是形容词,不能做宾语,它多做定语修饰名词,如a beautiful park. 而beautiful是名词,做动词like的宾语。名词可以做宾语。

翻译:帮助穷人是我们的责任。

错误: Help the poor is our duty. 正确:Helping the poor is our duty.

解析:动词原形不能做主语(见上表),用作主语时要用-ing形式或动词不定式,如:

To clean the blackboard is your task this afternoon.

翻译:我的朋友汤姆这次考试考得很好。

错误:My friend Tom did very good in this exam.

正确:My friend Tom did very well in this exam.

解析:修饰动词did 要用副词well,而good是形容词。

3.词类学习中的“四个必知”

以下英语语法中的常识对你目前和今后的英语学习都有好处,请记住哟!

1) 名词和代词各有三个“格”

一般情况下,做主语的叫“主格”,做宾语的叫“宾格”,表示所有关系的叫“所有格”,这在英语学习中非常重要。在历年中考中,代词的“主格”、“宾格”、“所有格”以及反身代词是测试重点之一。

主格 宾格 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词

I me my mine myself

we us our ours ourselves

you you your yours yourself/yourselves

he him his his himeself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

they them their theirs themselves

说明:1)反身代词相当于中文的“某某自己”,如“我自己”myself,“他自己”himself,“她自己”herself;表中的yourself是“你自己”;yourselves”你们自己“

2) 形容词性和名词性物主代词的区别

所谓形容词性的物主代词,就是用法相当于形容词,可以修饰名词,在句中做定语;

名词性物主代词在句中做主语或宾语,后面不能接名词。

例如:

1) Our country is more and more powerful.我们国家越来越强大。(our是形容词性物主代词,修饰country)

2) Ours is a great country.我们的国家很伟大。(Ours是名词性物主代词,做主语,不能修饰名词)

3) I don’t like your coat.I like his.我不喜欢你的外套,我喜欢他的。

your是形容词性物主代词;his是名词性物主代词

例1:翻译:我妈妈非常喜欢我和我妹妹。

错误:My mother likes my sister and I very much.

正确:My mother likes my sister and me very much.

解析:英语的及物动词和介词后接宾语,此处动词like后接“宾格”me.另外句中的my是所有格,名词mother的 “所有格”是mother’s

例2:翻译 :这辆车不是我的,我的车在那边.

错误:This car isn’t my.My car is over there.

正确: This car isn’t mine.My car is over there.

解析:代词的“所有格”分名词性(如mine,yours,hers,his等)和形容词性(如my,your,her,his等)两种。前者做主语或宾语,后面不能接名词;后者做定语,其后要接名词。

如:Mine is much cheaper thatn yours.My mike is cheaper than your bike.

2)动词有四类,少数可兼用

英语的动词分为实义动词(包括及物动词vt.和不及物动词vi.)、系动词、助动词和情态动词四种。

实义动词意义完全,能独立用做谓语。及物动词(vt.)要接宾语,不及物动词(vi.)不能接宾语,若接宾语,其后要加固定的介词。

系动词与其后的表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。

但是有些动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词。

感官动词feel,taste,smell,look,sound(包括非感官动词stay,remain,appear等)既可以做系动词也可以做及物动词(所以我们可以把它们称作“半系动词”)

情态动词dare/need也可以做实义动词。

助动词本身无词汇意义,不能单独做谓语,助动词do,be,have,shall(should),will(would)等。

例如:

(1) Tom works in this factory and works a new machine.

(2) My uncle runs a big shop and often runs in front of it in the morning.

(3) These flowers smell good and we often smell them.

(4) The girl looks happy today and looks happily at everyone.

(5) You needn’t buy a walkman but you need a new recorder.

(6) Her mother stays young and stays at home every day.

(7) Do you often do your homework at home?

(8) Our manager hasn’t come because she has a few guests to receive.


说明:

(1) 第一个work是不及物动词,意为“工作”,in this facory 是它的地点状语;第二个work是及物动词,意为“操作”,其后接宾语a new machine.

(2) 挑选一个动词 run是“开办”的意思,是及物动词,其后有宾语a big shop,后一个run是 “跑步”的意思,in front of 是地点状语

(3) 第一个动词smell后接形容词good做表语,因此smell是系动词,而smell them中的them是宾语,因此第二个smell是及物动词。

(4) 从look happy可以看出look是系动词,形容词happy做表语,与look一起构成谓语,而look happily at中的look是不及物动词,look at 是“看”的意思

(5) need和dare后接动词原形是情态动词,接动词不定式或名词时是实义动词,因此第一个need是情态动词,后一个need是实义动词(及物动词)。

(6) Stay young 的意思是“依然年轻”,stay后接形容词做表语,而stay at home是“待在家里”的意思,stay 是不及物动词,at home是地点状语。

(7) 前一个do为助动词,无实际意义;后一个为实义动词,意为“做”

(8) 前一个has为助动词,无实际意义;后一个为实义动词,意为“有”

3)介词之后要接宾语

除以上所说的及物动词可以接宾语外,介词之后也要接宾语。而且,不及物动词后面加上相应的介词之后,也可以接宾语。

例1:翻译:我叔叔住在北京。

错误:My uncle lives Beijing.

正确:My uncle lives in Beijing.

解析: live当“居住”讲是不及物动词,不能接宾语,后面加上介词in,就可以接宾语了。live当“过着...生活”时,是及物动词,例如We live a happy life.

例2:翻译:昨天我把钢笔丢了,没找着。

错误: I lost my pen yesterday but I didn’t find.

正确: I lost my pen yesterday but I didn’t find it.

解析: find 是及物动词,应接宾语。

4)连接句子的是连词,不是介词和副词

连词才能连接句子,副词和介词则不能。

例1:翻译:她在国外待过几年,因此英语讲得好。

错误:She stayed abroad for years,therefore she speaks English very well.

正确:She stayed abroad for years,and therefore she speaks English very well.

正确:She stayed abroad for years;therefore she speaks English very well.

正确:She speaks English very well-she stayed abroad for years.

解析:therefore 是副词,不能连接句子。类似的副词还有:even so(即使如此),thus(因此)等。另外,英语中的分号(两个句子之间关系密切)或破折号(表示补充或解释前句)也可以连接句子。

例2:翻译:他节省了一大笔钱留下将来用。

错误:He has saved a lot of money in order he can use it in the future.

正确:He has saved a lot of money in order that he can use it in the future.

正确:He has saved a lot of money in order to use it in the future.

正确:He has saved a lot of money so as to use it in the future.

正确:He has saved a lot of money so that he can use it in the future.

解析:in order的意思是“按顺序”,in order to /so as to后接动词,in order that/so that 是连词,其后接句子。类似易混淆的还有:because(因为是连词),because of (因为是介词);though/although(尽管是连词),despite/in spite of(尽管是介词);when(这时是连词),then(那时是副词)等。

考考你:请找出下列句子中的错误并纠正(每句有一处错误)

1. There’s a new car in from of his sister and he.

2. Tom speaks Chinese as good as we.

3. He didn’t come here because of he was ill.

4. Don’t afraid.Your mother is coming soon.

5. The boy was got up at six this morning.

Key:

1. 句1 的he应改为him,因为是做介词in front of 的宾语

2. 句2的good应改为well,因为副词well才能修饰动词speak

3. 句3的because of 应改为because,只有连词才可以连接句子

4. 句4应改为Don’t be afraid,don’t 应接动词原形,而afraid是形容词

5. 句5应去掉was,因为be动词之后不能接动词的过去式或原形。

(2) 简单句的五种结构及七种常见句子成分

从句子的类型来说,英语的句子只有三种,简单句、并列句和复合句。

1. 什么是简单句

简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。

例如(画线部分为主语,黑体字为谓语):

1) My sister studies in Beijing No.108 Middle School.(一个主语,一个谓语)

2) Tom and Jack are good friends.(画线部分为并列主语)

3) Tom comes from America and studies in our school.(黑体部分为并列谓语)

2. 简单句的五种结构及7种句子成分

英语的简单句有五种基本结构,我们可称其为“五大家族”。另外,在初中阶段,我们要知道的是,英语中常见的句子成分有主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补七种。我们可称其为“七姊妹”。以下结合五种简单句的结构来学习句子成分,认识句子的“五大家族”和“七姊妹”。

1) “主谓”结构(另扩充定语和状语)

例如: The car disappeared.

扩展:The red car disappeared in the distance just a few minutes ago.

解析: 在“主谓”机构中,谓语动词一般为实义动词。画横线的形容词red做定语,修饰用做主语的名词car,斜体字in the distance just a few minutes ago为状语,修饰做谓语的动词disappeared。如果一个句子中既有时间状语又有地点状语,一般地点状语在先(如in the distance),时间状语在后(如a few minutes ago),或者把时间状语提前到句首。


2) “主系表“结构

例如:The girl is very clever.

扩展: The twelve-year-old girl is very clever in her class.

解析: 在“主系表”结构中,系动词和名词或形容词一起构成谓语。英语的系动词除常见的be动词之外,还有感官动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste和appear,become,get,remain,seem,stay等,我们唱把这些动词称作“半系动词”,因为它们既可以做系动词(其后跟形容词或名词做表语),又可以做实义动词。另外的very是副词,修饰做表语的形容词clever,画线部分为定语,斜体部分为地点状语。

3) “主谓宾“结构

例如:The boy speaks English.

扩展:The boy under the tree speaks English very freely.

例如:The boy lives in the country.

扩展:The handsome boy lives in the country happily.

解析:在“主谓宾”结构中,谓语动词是及物动词。“不及物动词+介词”(见以上第二个例句中的lives in)才能接宾语。也就是,英语中只有两种词可以接宾语,即及物动词和介词。如:We were interested in his story.此处的history是介词in的宾语。另外,短语(如介词短语under the tree)做定语时置于被修饰的词语之后(如第一个扩展句)


4) “主谓宾+宾补”结构

例如:We all think his story interesting.(形容词做补语)

Our teacher told us to hand in the homework on time.(不定式做宾补)

We saw the children playing football outside.(动词-ing形式做宾补)

解析:补语是用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。

(1)做主语的补语,如She left happy.=When she left she was happy.再如:All persons are created equal.人人生来都是平等的。 (2)做宾语的补语。在“主谓宾+宾语”结构中,补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,称为宾语补足语(简称宾补),也可和宾语一起称作复合宾语。形容词、副词、分词、不定式、介词短语等都可以用做宾语补足语。以上例句画线部分为宾语,斜体部分为宾语补足语。

5) “主谓+间宾+直宾”结构

例如:He gave me a walkman.

扩展: He gave a walkman to me.

例如:His mother bought him a computer.

扩展:His mother bought a computer for him.

解析:在“主谓+间宾+直接宾语”结构中,间接宾语和直接宾语常称作“双宾语”,其动词须是可以接双宾语的动词,

如answer,ask,buy,bring,call,choose,cook,do,draw,fetch,find,give,hand,keep,leave,lend,make,offer,owe,

pay,promise,post,read,save,sell,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw等。

双宾语的顺序可以是间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后,也可以通过加入适当介词前后换位,如:

The government offers the workers lots of new jobs.=The government offers lots of new jobs to the workers.

大多数接双宾语的动词与介词to搭配,但buy,cook,get,sing,draw,pick等动词常与介词for连用。例如:

Mother cooks me a delicious meal.=Mother cooks a delicious meal forme.

考考你:

1. 你知道简单句有哪“五大家族”吗?句子的 “七姊妹“是哪些?

2. 下列A、B两种翻译,哪句是正确的?

(1) 这男孩总是坐在第一排

A. The boy always sits in the first row.

B. The boy is always sit in the first row.

(2) 妈妈高兴地看着我们。

A. Mum looks happy at us.

B. Mum looks happily at us.

(3) 李老师这学期教我们的数学。

A. Mr.Li teaches our maths this term.

B. Mr.Li teaches us maths this term.

解析:(1)A. 属于 “主谓“结构。而B 混用了”主谓“结构和 “主系表”结构。

(2) B. look 当“看起来”用时是系动词,而此处是“看”,是实义动词。再如look afte “照料”,

look for“寻找”,look up “查阅“,“抬头看”;这些与介词搭配的动词短语都是实义动词,而不是系动词。

(3) B. 这是“主谓+间宾+直宾”结构,teach的直接宾语是maths,间接宾语是us,不能从中文的角度去逐字翻译。

三、考点巧练

I. 指出下列短文中画线部在句子中的作用

1. Dear Geroge,

I’m fourteen and I’m much shorter for my age.What’s worse,I’m very fat.I want to be 55kg and to be taller and then I can go to the school basketball team and enjoy myself.Can you help me?

Bob

2. Dear Bob,

Don’t worry if you’re shorter than your friends.Teenagers grow at different times.It doesn’t matter how heavy you are.You are still the same person.Plan your meals with your mum and she can help you lose weight.Also,try taking more exercise.

George

II. 完成句子,一空一词

1. 杰克经常帮助我和我弟弟。(主谓宾结构)

Jack often_______my brother and _______.

2. 我叔叔在天津工作。(主谓结构)

My uncle_______ in Tianjin.

3. 她妈妈每天都很忙。(主系表结构)

Her mother_____very busy every day.

4. 这种布料摸起来很柔和。(主系表结构)

This kind of cloth _____very ______.

5. 这个故事听起来很有趣。(主系表结构)

This story _____ very______.

6. 我们称他李华。(“主谓宾+宾补”结构)

We call______LiHua.

7. 他们发现那个公园很漂亮。(“主谓宾+宾补”结构)

They find the park very__________.

8. 我们发现这个报告很有趣。(“主谓宾+宾补”结构)

We find the report very__________.

9. 他把女儿嫁给了一位工程师。(“主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构)

He _________his daughter__________an engineer.

10. 请把那副地图给我们看看。(”主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语“结构)

Please show us the map.=Please show the map_______ __________.

III. 单项选择

1. Tom and Mike are good friends._______often help each other.

A. They B.Them C.Their D.Theirs

2. The reading room ______very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.

A. am B.is C.are D.be

3. I could look after_______ when I was six.

A. herself B.myself C.yourself D.himself

4. Jamie is a young cook________wants to improve school dinners.

A. who B.whose C.whom D.which

5. --Alice,is this your dictionary?

--Let me see.Oh,no._________is in my school bag.

A. Myself B.Me C.My D.Mine

6. The volunteers love______students in that small village in the west of China.

A. they B.them C.their themselves

7. --We have red and yellow T-shirts.Which color do you like?

--I’m afraid_______.I think bule will be OK.

A. both B.either C.neither D.none

8. I think____can make Andy change his mind.He is such a person who never gives up easily.

A. something B.anything C.nothing D.everything

9. Don’t wear jeans,or_______won’t be allowed to go to the concert.

A. I B.you C.they D.she

10. --Is this______notebook?

--No,it isn’t_______.

A. theirs;their B.hers;his C.your;mine D.your;my

11. If you want to go to see the movie this evening,so____I.

A.do B.am C.will D.should

12. Mr.Smith teaches your sister and ________every day in the morning.

A. I B.she C.me D.my

13. Kate,I’m going on business.Please look after______well.

A. herself B.myself C.yourself D.yourselves

14. Mike is from America.He________English.

A. Spoke B.will speak C.speaks D.had spoken

15. --Look!Do you know________man under the tree?

--Sorry.It’s too far for me to see _______clearly.

A. this;him B.that;his C.this;her D.that;him

16. My father is ill in bed.I have to look after________at home.

A. he B.his C.him D.himeself

17. --Excuse me,what’s this for?

--It’s a cleaner and it_______to pick up dirt.

A. uses B.is used C.is using D.used

18. --Have you bought _______for Linda’s birthday?

--Not exactly.Just some flowers.

A. something unusual B.anything unusal C. unusual something C.unusual anything

19.The boy spends at least as much time reading as he________.

A.writes B.is writing C.does to write D.does writing

20._________hard and you’ll make progress in maths.

A.Study B.To Study C.Studying D.Studied

21.We are sure that our football players will do______best.

A.their B.they C.them D.themselves.

22.He took the child to a nearby hospital with the help of Mary and______.

A.I B.he C.me D.mine.

23.He told us a story and her voice_______so sweet.

A.sound B.heard C.sounded D.listened

24.Our teachers asked us________notes in class.

A.take B.taking C.took D.to take

25.We got up early this morning________catch the first train.

A.in order that B.so that C.in order D.so as to

26. My parents often talk about his sister and_________.

A. him B.he C.himeself D.his

27. It is said that this kind of flowers smell very________.

A. well B.good C.badly D.sweetly.

28. Tom,______quickly,or we will be late again.

A. wear B.put on C.dress yourself D.get on

29. The boy didn’t come to school yesterday________his illness.

A. because B.since C.as D.because of

30. Mary looks very_______today,for she has passed the driving test.

A. happily B.excitedly C.happy D.sad

31. Tony didn’t come here because of his________.

A. busy B.ill C.sick D.illness

32. As soon as we got there,the strange animal_________.

A. disappeared B.was disappeared C.disappear D.is disappeared

33. You won’t succeed without Tom and ________.

A.they B.he C.me D.we

34.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many__________.

A.bird B.duck C.sheep D.rabbit

35.Mr.Smith will teach__________English next term.

A.Our B.their C.yours D.us


答案与解析:

I. 指出下列短文中画线部分在句子中的作用

1. (1)fourteen做am的表语

(2) much副词,做状语,“much+比较级”是“......得多”的意思,例如:much taller高得多,

Much faster 快得多,much more interesting 有趣得多。

(3) my物主代词,做定语

(4) very 副词做状语,修饰形容词或副词

(5) The school basketball team词组做介词to的宾语,及物动词和介词后接宾语。

(6) myself 和me分别做及物动词enjoy和help的宾语

2. (1)at different times介词短语做状语,修饰动词grow

(2) how heavy 做系动词are的表语,全句意为“你多重都没关系”。

(3) The same 做定语,因为same是形容词,但same常与定冠词the 连用。

(4) your meals做及物动词plan 的宾语,其中your 是物主代词,做定语

(5) Lose weight做宾补,you 是宾格,做help的宾语

(6) taking做及物动词try的宾语,而后面的more exercise 又是taking的宾格。

II. 完成句子,一空一词

1. Jack often helps my brother and me.

2. My uncle works in Tianjin.

3.Her mother is very busy every day.

4.This kind of cloth feels very soft.

5.This story sounds very interesting.

6. We call him LiHua.

7.They find the park very beautiful.

8.We find the report very interesting.

9.He married his daughter to an engineer.

10.Please show us the map.=Please show the map to us.

III. 单项选择

1. A. 第一句是“主系表”结构,后一句属“主谓宾”结构。代词they在句中做主语,

代替Tom and Mike,所以they是主格。

2. B. 属主系表结构。因为reading room是单数,所以系动词使用is.

3. B. 通过when I was six 确定答案,myself做介词after的宾语。

4. A. 关系代词who做主语,是主格,who引导的是定语从句。

5. D. 形容词性物主代词后面接名词,排除C,B选项是宾格,A选项意思不对。

6. C.“主谓宾”结构。形容词性物主代词their后接名词students

7. C. 本题考查代词的用法。Both “两者(都)”;either “(两者之中)任一个”;neither “( 两者)都不“;none ”(三者或三者以上)一个也不”。由“我们有红色和黄色的T恤衫。你喜欢哪种颜色?”及答语中“我认为蓝色是合适的”可知空格处句意为“我恐怕两种都不喜欢”。故选C

8. 本题考查不定代词的用法。something常用于肯定句中;anything常用于否定句中或疑问句中;nothing?没什么事情“,表示否定;everything意为 “一切事物”。由后句“他是这样一个永不轻易放弃的人”可知前句句意为“我认为没什么事情能使Andy改变主意”。

9. B. 通过祈使句Don’t wear jeans 知道省略了主语you,此题较难。

10. C.第一空先排除A和B两个选项,应是their或her;再排除D,my后面要加名词。

11. C.从句的谓语动词want是实义动词,先排除B选项,从时态“主将从现”的角度确定C.

12. C.谓语动词teach之后接宾格,只有C选项的me是宾格。

13. C.因为kate是一个人,排除D选项,yourselves是“你们自己”的意思。

14. C. 此句的He speaks English.是“主谓宾”结构,谓语用第三人称单数。

15. D. 第一空通过It’s too far for me to see得知用that;第二空him指代man,做动词see的宾格。

16. C. 代词him做介词after的宾语

17. B.代词it代替前面的cleaner “吸尘器”,所以是“被用来...”用被动语态

18. B.本题考查不定代词的用法。在一般疑问句中,something通常变为anything,而形容词修饰不定代词时,应将形容词放在不定代词的后面,故选B.

19. D.此题较难。does代替动词spends,避免重复,而spend后要接动词-ing形式。

20. A.因为有连词and,前面应是句子,study hard是祈使句。

21. A.短语do one’s best是 “尽力”的意思,替换one’s要用物主代词,因此是their.

22. C.介词of 之后要接宾语,因此只有C选项的me才是宾格。

23. C.系动词之后接形容词做表语,只有sound是系动词,A选项时态不对。

24. D. “主谓宾+宾补“结构,ask sb to do,tell sb to do,order sb to do中的tell,ask,order是谓语动词,sb是宾语,to do做宾补

25. D.连词in order that 和so that接句子,排除A和B,C选项应改为in order to.

26. A.介词about之后要接宾格,排除B和D,C选项意思不当。

27. B.属 “主系表”结构。smell是系动词,之后接形容词做表语。

28. C.介词on后面要接宾语,排除B和D选项,wear表状态,意为“穿着”,而dress表动作,意为”穿上”.

29. D.排除A、B、C三个选项,它们表原因时都是连词,后面要接句子,而because of是介词,后面接宾语

30. C. “主系表“结构。look是系动词,后接形容词做表语。D选项也是形容词,但意思不当,通过驾驶考试应该高兴,而不是悲伤。

31. D.因为because of是介词,介词后面接宾语,而形容词不能做宾语,名词才能做宾语,所以选择D. busy,sick,ill的名词分别是busyness,sickness和illness.

32. A.因为disappear是不及物动词,没有被动语态,直接使用一般过去时。

33. C. 因为without是介词,其后要接宾语,接代词须用宾格,而A、B、D三个都是主格。

34. C.本题考查名词的用法。 many修饰可数名词的复数形式,排除A、B、D三项;sheep作可数名词,单复数形式相同。故选C

35. D. 及物动词teach的用法是 “teach+间接宾语+直接宾语“,而此处只有us是宾格,A、B、C都是所有格,只能做宾语。

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